Common Medical Issues in Rescue Cats and How We Treat Them

Rescue cats

Rescue cats come to sanctuaries with stories written on their bodies as much as in their pasts. Many have lived outdoors, lacked consistent veterinary care, or endured neglect before finding safety. Understanding their medical needs is an essential part of helping them recover and thrive. At our sanctuary, we see a wide range of health conditions — some mild and temporary, others requiring lifelong care. Here are some of the most common medical issues rescue cats face and how we help them heal.

1. Upper Respiratory Infections (URIs)

URIs are among the most common conditions in rescued cats, especially those coming from overcrowded shelters, hoarding situations, or outdoor colonies. Symptoms often include sneezing, nasal discharge, coughing, and watery eyes.

How We Treat Them

• Veterinarian-prescribed antibiotics when bacterial infection is present

• Supportive care such as fluids, steam therapy, and nutritional supplements

• Isolating sick cats to prevent the spread

• Ensuring warm, clean, stress-free resting areas

Most cats recover fully with consistent care, though some with chronic issues may need long-term management.

2. Parasites: Fleas, Ticks, and Worms

Cats living outdoors often arrive with external and internal parasites. Infestations can cause itching, skin infections, anemia, and digestive issues.

How We Treat Them

• Safe, vet-approved flea and tick preventatives

• Deworming medications to eliminate roundworms, tapeworms, and hookworms

• Regular fecal tests to monitor for re-infection

• Cleaning and disinfecting sleeping areas

Early parasite control dramatically improves a cat’s comfort and overall health.

3. Dental Disease

Many rescued cats suffer from dental problems like gingivitis, tooth decay, or stomatitis. Dental pain can affect eating, mood, and quality of life.

How We Treat Them

• Dental cleanings under anesthesia

• Tooth extractions when necessary

• Pain management and antibiotics

• Soft food options during recovery

Good dental care can transform a cat’s appetite, behavior, and comfort levels.

4. Malnutrition and Dehydration

Cats who were abandoned or lived outdoors often struggle to access reliable food and clean water. Some arrive dangerously underweight or dehydrated.

How We Treat Them

• Slow, consistent refeeding plans

• High-calorie diets and nutritional supplements

• Subcutaneous fluids for dehydration

• Monitoring weight weekly to ensure healthy progress

With time and proper nutrition, even the frailest cats regain strength and vitality.

5. Feline Leukemia Virus (FeLV) & Feline Immunodeficiency Virus (FIV)

Some rescued cats test positive for FeLV or FIV, two viral conditions that affect immune function. Many FeLV+ or FIV+ cats live long, happy lives with proper care.

How We Treat Them

• Regular vet checkups and bloodwork

• Immune-support supplements

• Stress-free environments to reduce flare-ups

• Vaccinations and parasite control to protect overall health

• Housing FeLV+ cats separately to prevent transmission

A diagnosis isn’t the end — it simply means more tailored care.

6. Wounds and Skin Conditions

Outdoor life leaves its mark. Many cats arrive with abscesses, scratches, or skin irritation caused by fights, environmental stress, or parasites.

How We Treat Them

• Cleaning and medicating wounds

• Antibiotics for infections

• Pain management

• Specialized treatments for dermatitis or allergies

• Using e-collars when needed to allow healing

Even severe wounds can heal beautifully with attentive care.

7. Chronic Conditions (Kidney Disease, Diabetes, Hyperthyroidism)

Older rescue cats often have chronic issues that require ongoing medical management. These cats rely on sanctuaries to provide long-term stability and compassionate treatment.

How We Treat Them

• Prescription diets

• Daily medications

• Regular lab work

• Hydration therapy for kidney disease

• Blood glucose monitoring for diabetic cats

These cats often become some of the most loving and grateful residents.

Healing Takes More Than Medicine

Treating medical issues is only part of the journey. Rescue cats need patience, affection, and a calm environment to truly recover. Every healed wound and restored appetite is a reminder of their resilience — and the impact compassionate care can make.

Whether a cat needs short-term treatment or lifelong support, sanctuaries provide a second chance many would never have otherwise. By understanding their medical needs and offering consistent care, we help them rediscover comfort, confidence, and love.