Common Health Issues in Rescue Cats and How We Treat Them

mskittyssanctuary
12 minutes ago
3 min read

When a cat arrives at a rescue or sanctuary, they often bring more than just their belongings—they bring a history. Many have lived on the streets, been neglected, or survived unstable environments where medical care simply wasn’t available. As a result, rescue cats are more likely to face certain health challenges.

Understanding these common issues—and how they’re treated—helps paint a clearer picture of why rescue work matters and how your support directly saves lives.

Upper Respiratory Infections (URIs)

Upper respiratory infections are among the most common illnesses we see in rescue cats, especially those coming from crowded or stressful environments.

Symptoms may include:

Sneezing and coughing
Runny nose or eyes
Congestion or difficulty breathing
Lethargy and decreased appetite

How we treat it: Cats with URIs are examined by a veterinarian and often prescribed antibiotics or antiviral medications, depending on the cause. Supportive care is just as important—keeping cats warm, hydrated, and eating. We may use humidifiers, steam therapy, and appetite stimulants when needed. Isolation areas help prevent the spread to other cats.

Parasites (Fleas, Ticks, Worms, and Mites)

External and internal parasites are extremely common in rescue cats, especially those who have lived outdoors.

Common signs:

Scratching or hair loss
Weight loss
Diarrhea or vomiting
Visible fleas or flea dirt

How we treat it: Every cat receives parasite prevention and deworming upon intake. Fleas and mites are treated with topical or oral medications, while intestinal parasites are addressed with dewormers. Follow-up testing ensures the treatment worked and that the cat is fully cleared.

Dental Disease

Many rescue cats arrive with painful dental problems, including gum disease, broken teeth, or severe infections.

Signs of dental issues:

Bad breath
Drooling
Difficulty eating
Pawing at the mouth

How we treat it: Cats receive dental exams and cleanings when needed. Some require tooth extractions to eliminate infection and pain. Once treated, many cats show dramatic improvements in appetite, energy, and overall comfort.

Malnutrition and Dehydration

Cats who have struggled to find consistent food often suffer from poor body condition and nutrient deficiencies.

Signs may include:

Low body weight
Dull or brittle coat
Weakness
Dehydration

How we treat it: We provide high-quality, easily digestible food and carefully monitored feeding plans. Severely malnourished cats are reintroduced to food gradually to prevent complications. Hydration support, including fluids, may be given when necessary.

Injuries and Wounds

Rescue cats frequently arrive with abscesses, bite wounds, fractures, or other injuries from life outdoors.

How we treat it: Each injury is evaluated by a veterinarian. Treatment may include wound cleaning, antibiotics, pain medication, sutures, or surgery. Cats recover in quiet, clean spaces where we can closely monitor healing.

Chronic Conditions

Some cats come to us already living with lifelong conditions such as:

Feline leukemia virus (FeLV)
Feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV)
Diabetes
Kidney disease
Asthma

How we treat it: Chronic conditions don’t mean a cat can’t live a happy life. We develop individualized care plans that may include special diets, medications, and regular veterinary monitoring. Many cats with chronic illnesses thrive for years with proper management.

Behavioral Stress and Trauma

Health isn’t only physical. Many rescue cats suffer emotional trauma that affects their well-being.

Signs of stress:

Hiding
Fearful behavior
Aggression
Lack of appetite

How we treat it: We use gentle handling, consistent routines, enrichment activities, and quiet spaces to help cats decompress. Some benefit from pheromone diffusers or anxiety-reducing supplements. Most importantly, we give them time and patience.

Why Early Veterinary Care Matters

Every cat who enters our sanctuary receives a full health assessment, vaccinations, spay/neuter surgery, and preventive care. Catching problems early saves lives, reduces suffering, and lowers long-term treatment costs.